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Payments 101

Chargebacks: How the Dispute Process Actually Works

A customer dispute through their card issuer feels similar to a refund from the outside, but the process behind it -- timelines, evidence requirements, and fees -- is different enough that treating the two the same can cost a merchant money and time they didn't need to lose.

Chargebacks: How the Dispute Process Actually Works
Payment dispute and chargeback process illustration for small business merchants

Where a chargeback actually starts

A chargeback begins when a cardholder disputes a charge directly with their bank, not with the merchant. The bank provisionally reverses the funds and files a formal dispute case, which the merchant then has a limited window to respond to with evidence -- this is a fundamentally different process from a customer simply asking for a refund.

Provisional reversal
Funds are pulled back before the dispute is even resolved
Limited response window
Merchants typically have a matter of days, not weeks, to submit evidence
Dispute fee
Most processors charge a fee just for a chargeback being filed, win or lose

What counts as strong evidence

Signed delivery confirmation, a matching IP address and billing address, prior communication with the customer, or a signed receipt all strengthen a merchant's response. A generic "the customer used the product" statement without documentation rarely wins a dispute on its own.

The dispute is decided on documentation, not on who's actually right about what happened.

Reducing chargebacks before they happen

Clear billing descriptors (so a charge is recognizable on a statement), prompt customer service response to complaints, and clear refund/return policies stated at time of sale all reduce the odds a customer disputes instead of simply asking for a refund directly.

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